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the quality is generally good

  • 1 generally

    generally [ˈdʒenərəlɪ]
    • generally, the course is okay dans l'ensemble, le cours est bien
       b. ( = widely) [available] partout
    * * *
    ['dʒenrəlɪ]
    1) (widely, usually) en général, généralement

    it's generally best to wait — en général, il vaut mieux attendre

    generally (speaking)... — en règle générale...

    2) ( overall)
    3) ( vaguely) d'une manière générale

    English-French dictionary > generally

  • 2 generally

    1 ( widely) [accepted, agreed, believed, denounced, recognized, regarded, welcomed] dans l'ensemble, en général ; a generally accepted definition une définition couramment acceptée ; generally available disponible pour le grand public ;
    2 ( usually) généralement, en général ; it's generally best to wait en général, il vaut mieux attendre ; generally (speaking)… en règle générale… ;
    3 ( overall) the industry generally will be affected l'ensemble de l'industrie sera touché ; he's generally unwell at the moment en ce moment il n'est vraiment pas en forme ; the quality is generally good dans l'ensemble la qualité est bonne ; she was dancing, drinking and generally enjoying herself elle dansait, elle buvait, en un mot elle s'amusait bien ;
    4 ( vaguely) [talk, discuss, refer] d'une manière générale.

    Big English-French dictionary > generally

  • 3 generally

    ['dʒenrəlɪ]
    1) (widely) [agreed, regarded, welcomed] generalmente
    2) (usually) generalmente, di solito

    generally (speaking)... — generalmente

    4) (vaguely) [talk, refer] in modo generico
    * * *
    adverb (usually; by most people; on the whole: He is generally disliked; He generally wins.) generalmente
    * * *
    ['dʒenrəlɪ]
    1) (widely) [agreed, regarded, welcomed] generalmente
    2) (usually) generalmente, di solito

    generally (speaking)... — generalmente

    4) (vaguely) [talk, refer] in modo generico

    English-Italian dictionary > generally

  • 4 Welte, Edwin

    SUBJECT AREA: Recording
    [br]
    b. 1876 Germany
    d. after 1925
    [br]
    German instrument maker who developed piano-music recording methods for reproducing pianos.
    [br]
    He was the third generation of the Freiburg (Germany) firm of M.Welte \& Soehne, music box and orchestrion manufacturers, founded in 1832, and was made a partner in 1901. He was the driving force behind the development and refinement of the reproducing piano, which had an upper-class market from 1905 to c. 1925. With his partner and brother-in-law Karl Bockisch, he also developed recording methods that made it possible to distribute perforated paper rolls representing a reasonably accurate representation of the performance of famous soloists. This is a principle for recording and replay that is totally different from the mechanical recording principle, and at that time the quality was generally regarded as higher than that of mechanical reproduction. However, because of the possibilities of editing, the source value may be less certain. Welte's contribution was the first commercial use of a coded representation of live performances. The Welte patents were licensed to several other player-piano manufacturers.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    German patent no. 162,708 (controlling the dynamics of reproduction).
    Further Reading
    Q.D.Bowers, 1972, Encyclopedia of Automatic Musical Instruments, New York: Vestal Press, pp. 319–38 (a good if somewhat uneven account of the Welte involvement in the reproduction of recorded sound).
    GB-N

    Biographical history of technology > Welte, Edwin

  • 5 know

    1. I
    I am not guessing, I know это не догадки, я это точно знаю; as far as I know насколько мне известно /я знаю/; he may be a robber for all I know почем я знаю /откуда мне знать/, он может быть и грабитель; as everyone knows как [всем] известно; how do /should/ I know? откуда мне знать?; let me know дайте мне знать
    2. II
    know in some manner you know best тебе лучше знать || she knows better than to spend all her money at once она не настолько глупа, чтобы сразу истратить все свой деньги; god [only] knows why одному богу известно почему
    3. III
    1) know smth. know a foreign language (a lot of English, the facts of the case, one's business, one's profession, etc.) знать иностранный язык и т. д., he knows only English and French он знает только английский и французский, он владеет только английским языком и французским; know literature (poetry, the law, banking, etc.) разбираться в литературе и т. д., know a poem (one's lesson, one's part, smb.'s name, the way, the number, etc.) знать /помнить/ стихотворение и т. д.; know the area (the country, the place, etc.) знать данный район и т. д., ориентироваться в данной местности и т. д., know smb.'s faults (smb.'s habits, smb.'s character, smb.'s peculiarities, one's duties, etc.) знать чьи-л. недостатки и т. д., иметь представление о чьих-л. недостатках и т. д.; he knows more than he says он знает больше, чем говорит; certain things which you cannot but know некоторые обстоятельства, которых вы не можете не знать; he doesn't seem to know the value of time он, по-видимому, не умеет ценить время; he doesn't know his own mind он сам не знает, чего он хочет; don't I know it! мне ли этого не знать!
    2) know smth. know fear (misery, poverty and sorrow, life, etc.) испытать /познать/ страх и т. д., he knows no defeat он не знает поражений; he has never known trouble у него никогда не было неприятностей, ему неведомы неприятности; he has known better days он знавал /видел/ лучшие времена; his zeal knows no bounds его усердие не имеет границ
    3) know smb. know this man (this actress, the mayor, a very good lawyer, etc.) знать этого человека и т. д., быть знакомым с этим человеком и т. д.; I should like to know Mr. Hill я бы хотел познакомиться с мистером Хиллом; when I first knew him когда я впервые узнал его /познакомился с ним/; you two ought to know one another вы должны подружиться друг с другом
    4) know smb., smth. I didn't know you when you came forward я не узнал тебя, когда ты вышел вперед; he knows a good horse (a good drama, a good actor, etc.) он большей знаток лошадей и т. д.; he knows a good thing when he sees it он понимает толк в вещах
    4. IV
    1) know smth. in some manner know smth. positively (perfectly well, thoroughly, through and through, a little, insufficiently, superficially, officially, personally, intuitively, etc.) знать что-л. определенно и т. д., hardly /scarcely/ know smth. почти не иметь представления о чем-л.; when you get to know it better когда вы с этим получше познакомитесь
    2) know smb. in some manner know smb. intimately (personally, slightly, only casually, etc.) близко и т. д. знать кого-л., быть близко и т. д. знакомым с кем-л.; get /come/ to know smb. better узнать кого-л. лучше; it happened that they knew each other well оказалось, что они хорошо знали друг друга; know smb. for (at) some time have you known him long? вы его давно знаете?; вы давно с ним знакомы?
    3) know smb., smth. in some manner know smb., smth. easily (with difficulty, etc.) узнавать кого-л., что-л. сразу и т. д.; know smb., smth. at some time know smb., smth. at once (immediately, instantly, again, etc.) узнать кого-л., что-л. тотчас же и т. д.; know smb., smth. at some place you are just like your father, I'd know you anywhere ты очень похож на отца, я узнал бы тебя при встрече
    5. VII
    know smb. to be smth. know him to be a gentleman (her to be a liar, him to be a poet, this man to be one of their accomplices, etc.) знать его как порядочного человека и т. д., know him to be honest (the judge to be just, herself to be pretty, etc.) знать, что он честен / что он честный человек/ и т. д., know smb. do smth. know educated people make this mistake (a man die of love, etc.) знать случаи, когда и образованные люди делают такую ошибку и т. д.; I have never known him tell a lie я не припомню такого случая, чтобы он соврал; I have never known that man smile я никогда не видел, чтобы этот человек улыбался
    6. XI
    be known wait until all the facts in the case are known подождите, пока [не] станут известны /[не] выяснятся/ все обстоятельства дела; everything gets known все выходит наружу, утаить ничего нельзя; I don't want it known я не хочу, чтобы это получило огласку; be known in some manner this is well (widely, generally, etc.) known это хорошо и т. д. известно; the name is little known here это имя здесь мало кто знает; be known to smb. he is known to the police он у полиции на заметке; be known as smb. he is known as a successful architect его считают преуспевающим архитектором; be known to be smb. he is known to be a good fellow говорят, что он хороший малый; be known to have some quality he is known to be generous (to be obstinate, etc.) он прославился своей щедростью и т. д.; be known to do smth. he had never been known to laugh никто никогда не видел, чтобы он смеялся, его смеха никто никогда не слышал
    7. XIII
    know how to do smth. know how to make cakes (how to play chess, how to manage a horse, how to drive a car, how to read, how to write, how to speak, etc.) уметь печь пироги и т. д., do you know how to go there alone? ты один найдешь туда дорогу?; know what (whether) to do I don't know what to say я не знаю, что сказать; I don't know whether to go or not я не знаю know идти или нет
    8. XVI
    know about /of/ smb., smth. know about the man (of his presence, about the trouble, about the matter, of the engagement, etc.) знать об этом человеке и т. д.; I know about it я в курсе дела; I'll let you know about it later on я тебе сообщу /дам знать/ об этом позже; how did they come to know of it? каким образом это стало им известно?; this is the best method I know of это лучший из известных мне методов; has Smith been ill? - Not that I know of Смит болел? - Насколько я знаю /мне известно/ - нет; know of a good watchmaker ( of any good doctor near here, of any teacher who would suit me, etc.) знать хорошего часовщика и т. д.
    9. XVIII
    || make oneself known представиться кому-л.; why don't you make yourself known to him? a) почему бы тебе не познакомиться с ним?; б) почему бы тебе не открыться ему?
    10. XXI1
    1) know smth. about /of/ smth., smb. know everything ( all, most, a little, etc.) about /of/ smth., smb. знать все и т. д. о чем-л., о ком-л.; I know nothing about him у меня нет никаких сведений о нем; do you know anything about astronomy? вы что-нибудь понимаете в астрономии?; know smth. from /by/ smth. know smth. from history знать что-л. из истории; know smth. by /from/ experience знать что-л. по опыту; know smb. by smth. know smb. by name (by reputation, by his articles, etc.) знать кого-л. по имени и т. д.; do you know him by sight? вы его знаете в лицо?; know smth. against smb. know some facts against him иметь кое-какие факты, говорящие против него || know smth. by heart знать что-л. наизусть; know smth. for a fact знать точно что-л.
    2) know smb. by (from, at, etc.) smth. know one's brother by his voice (the man by the scar, him by his walk, a policeman by the clothes he wears, etc.) узнать своего брата по голосу и т. д.; I knew him from the photograph я его узнал по фотографии; she knew him at a distance она узнала /признала/ его издалека; know smb., smth. from smb., smth. know a friend from a foe (a fool from a wise man, the one from the other, the swallow from a house martin, right from wrong, good from evil, one tune from another, etc.) отличать друга от врага и т. д., you wouldn't know him from an Englishman его не отличишь от настоящего англичанина; know smb. for smb. know him for an American (for a German, for a sportsman, etc.) узнавать в нем американца и т. д.; I wonder how you were able to know him for a doctor удивляюсь, как вам удалось определить, что он врач
    11. XXIV1
    know smb. as smb. know smb. as a great lawyer (as a man of ability, as a poor man, etc.) знать кого-л. как крупного юриста и т. д.
    12. XXV
    know that... (where..., who..., etc.) know that you were coming today (that you are busy, (that) you would help me if you could, (that) it is going to rain, (that) he was here, where he was, who did it, who Napoleon was, who's who on the screen, what he is talking about, etc.) знать, что вы сегодня приезжаете и т. д.; know what's what знать, что к чему; you know how it is знаешь, как это бывает; I don't know that he understands much about it не думаю /сомневаюсь/, чтобы он в этом что-л. понимал; heaven knows when I shall be back кто его знает, когда я вернусь; let me know if you change your mind если передумаете, дайте мне знать /сообщите мне/; there is no knowing what it may lead to (how she will act, when we shall meet again, etc.) нельзя сказать, к чему это может привести и т. д.
    13. XXVI
    know smb. since I've known her since I was a child я знаю ее с детства

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > know

  • 6 Glissade

    Good quality lining cloths. The warp is 2/50's to 2/80's polished cotton and yam dyed or bleached, from 120 to 100 ends per inch. The weft is good quality, but not polished, 60 to 68 picks per inch, about 2/50's to 2/80's; or 40's to 60's warp, and 30's to 40's weft. Usually black ground with narrow white or coloured stripes. Brown grounds are also made. The weave is generally 8-shaft sateen.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Glissade

  • 7 High Draft

    The term "High Draft" came into prominence in 1913 with the appearance in Spain of the Casablancas mechanism for drafting in cotton spinning. This mechanism, owing to an increased and improved control over the fibres, was capable of drafts about four times higher than the normal. The new method was called " high draft " to distinguish it from the existing method which only gave usual or " low " drafts. Since 1913 many other high draft systems have been introduced, all aiming at controlling the fibres - particularly the shorter ones - as much and as adequately as possible. The utilisation of these improved methods of fibre control has other important advantages besides the saving in machinery and labour accruing from the higher drafts performed. The strength of the yarn is generally increased and its appearance improved. A good high draft system will also spin finer counts from a given cotton, or a standard quality of yarn from a lower and cheaper cotton. The adoption of the high drafting principle has been an important feature in the progress of cotton spinning machinery in recent years, and - almost without exception - new machines are now supplied by all textile machinists with high drafting on.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > High Draft

  • 8 New Zealand Wool

    A high-grade crossbred wool and one of the most useful wools of commerce. It is obtained by crossing merino ewes with Lincoln or Leicester rams. It has a staple of good and regular length and is soft in handle. It is used extensively for mixing with shoddy and mungo fibres to impart bulk and spinning qualities. New Zealand wools in the main are fairly free from vegetable matter, and this gives the wools a value very often more than like qualities from other countries. Merino wool is a small part of New Zealand production, probably not more than 5 per cent. The wool is generally free from vegetable matter, but is rather "lean" in character, the quality is not equal to the better-known Australian types, while the shrinkage is fairly heavy owing more to heavy grease rather than earthy matter.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > New Zealand Wool

  • 9 Basmas

    A domestic cloth woven in a fine reed with high pick from good quality cotton or linen yams. Sold in Turkey and the Near East generally. Many qualities, from 80 X 80, and from 54's/60's yams.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Basmas

  • 10 near cash

    !
    гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.
    The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
    "
    consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
    " "
    the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
    " "
    strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
    "
    the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.
    The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
    "
    the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
    "
    the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.
    Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.
    Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)
    "
    Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
    "
    Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.
    More information about DEL and AME is set out below.
    In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.
    To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.
    Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.
    Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.
    There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.
    AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.
    AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.
    AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.
    Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.
    Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.
    Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
    "
    Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
    "
    Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
    "
    Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
    "
    The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.
    The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.
    The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.
    Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.
    The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
    "
    provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
    " "
    enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
    " "
    introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
    "
    not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.
    To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.
    A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
    "
    an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
    " "
    an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
    " "
    to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
    "
    further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.
    The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.
    Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.
    The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.
    Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.
    To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.
    This document was updated on 19 December 2005.
    Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    "
    GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
    "
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money
    ————————————————————————————————————————
    GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.
    ————————————————————————————————————————

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash

  • 11 bad

    1. adjective,
    1) schlecht; (worthless) wertlos, ungedeckt [Scheck]; (rotten) schlecht, verdorben [Fleisch, Fisch, Essen]; faul [Ei, Apfel]; (unpleasant) schlecht, unangenehm [Geruch]

    she is in bad health — sie hat eine angegriffene Gesundheit

    [some] bad news — schlechte od. schlimme Nachrichten

    bad breath — Mundgeruch, der

    he is having a bad day — er hat einen schwarzen Tag

    bad hair day — (coll) schlechter Tag

    I'm having a bad hair day — (coll.) heute geht bei mir alles schief

    it is a bad business — (fig.) das ist eine schlimme Sache

    in the bad old days — in den schlimmen Jahren

    not bad — (coll.) nicht schlecht; nicht übel

    not half bad — (coll.) [gar] nicht schlecht

    something is too bad — (coll.) etwas ist ein Jammer

    too bad! — (coll.) so ein Pech! (auch iron.)

    2) (noxious) schlecht; schädlich
    3) (wicked) schlecht; (immoral) schlecht; verdorben; (naughty) ungezogen, böse [Kind, Hund]

    [use] bad language — Kraftausdrücke [benutzen]

    5) (in ill health)

    she's bad today — es geht ihr heute schlecht

    I have a bad pain/finger — ich habe schlimme Schmerzen/(ugs.) einen schlimmen Finger

    6) (serious) schlimm, böse [Sturz, Krise]; schwer [Fehler, Krankheit, Unfall, Erschütterung]; hoch [Fieber]; schrecklich [Feuer]
    7) (coll.): (regretful)

    feel bad about something/not having done something — etwas bedauern/bedauern, dass man etwas nicht getan hat

    I feel bad about him/her — ich habe seinetwegen/ihretwegen ein schlechtes Gewissen

    8) (Commerc.)

    a bad debt — eine uneinbringliche Schuld (Wirtsch.). See also academic.ru/83116/worse">worse 1.; worst 1.

    2. noun

    be £100 to the bad — mit 100 Pfund in der Kreide stehen (ugs.)

    go to the bad — auf die schiefe Bahn geraten

    * * *
    [bæd]
    comparative - worse; adjective
    1) (not good; not efficient: He is a bad driver; His eyesight is bad; They are bad at tennis (= they play tennis badly).) schlecht
    2) (wicked; immoral: a bad man; He has done some bad things.) böse
    3) (unpleasant: bad news.) schlecht
    4) (rotten: This meat is bad.) schlecht
    5) (causing harm or injury: Smoking is bad for your health.) schlecht
    6) ((of a part of the body) painful, or in a weak state: She has a bad heart; I have a bad head (= headache) today.) schlecht
    7) (unwell: I am feeling quite bad today.) schlecht
    8) (serious or severe: a bad accident; a bad mistake.) schlimm
    9) ((of a debt) not likely to be paid: The firm loses money every year from bad debts.) ungünstig
    •
    - badly
    - badness
    - badly off
    - feel bad about something
    - feel bad
    - go from bad to worse
    - not bad
    - too bad
    * * *
    <worse, worst>
    [bæd]
    I. adj
    1. (inferior, of low quality) schlecht
    not \bad! nicht schlecht!
    not half \bad! ( fam) [gar] nicht übel! fam
    to have \bad taste einen schlechten Geschmack haben
    2. (incompetent) schlecht
    ▪ to be \bad at sth etw nicht gut können
    he's \bad at flirting er kann nicht gut flirten
    to be very \bad at football sehr schlecht Fußball spielen
    to be \bad at German/maths schlecht in Deutsch/Mathe sein
    3. (unpleasant, unfavourable) schlecht; (difficult) schwierig
    they have a \bad marriage sie führen keine gute Ehe
    things are looking \bad [for him] es sieht nicht gut [für ihn] aus
    things look \bad in this company es sieht nicht gut für die Firma aus
    if it's \bad weather, we won't play bei schlechtem Wetter spielen wir nicht
    things are [or it is] going from \bad to worse es wird immer schlimmer
    this year their situation has gone from \bad to worse ihre Situation hat sich in diesem Jahr zunehmend verschlechtert [o verschlimmert]
    a \bad dream ein böser Traum
    \bad news schlechte Nachrichten
    a \bad situation eine schlimme Situation
    a \bad smell ein übler Geruch
    \bad times schwere Zeiten
    it was \bad of you to laugh at her in front of everybody es war gemein von dir, sie vor allen auszulachen
    to fall in with a \bad crowd in eine üble Bande geraten
    a \bad egg ( fig fam) eine ziemlich üble Person
    a \bad habit eine schlechte Angewohnheit
    to use \bad language Kraftausdrücke benutzen
    a \bad neighbourhood eine verkommene [Wohn]gegend
    to have a \bad personality eine unangenehme Art haben
    sb's \bad points jds schlechte Seiten
    to be a \bad sport ein schlechter Verlierer/eine schlechte Verliererin sein
    to have a \bad temper schlecht gelaunt sein
    5. (naughty) ungezogen; (wicked, aggressive) böse
    \bad blood böses Blut
    [to act] in \bad faith in böser Absicht [handeln]
    6. (pity) schade
    too \bad zu schade [o fam dumm
    to feel \bad about sth sich akk wegen einer S. gen schlecht fühlen
    8. (unfortunate) decision schlecht, unglücklich
    \bad luck Pech nt
    9. (harmful) schlecht, schädlich
    ▪ to be \bad for sb schlecht für jdn sein
    to be \bad for sb's health jds Gesundheit schaden
    to be \bad for one's teeth schlecht für die Zähne sein
    10. (spoiled) food verdorben, schlecht; ( fig) atmosphere, reputation schlecht
    to have a \bad name einen schlechten Ruf haben
    to go \bad verderben, schlecht werden
    11. (serious) schlimm
    to have a \bad cold eine schlimme Erkältung haben
    a \bad crime ein schweres Verbrechen
    a \bad debt eine uneinbringliche Schuld
    a \bad storm ein heftiger Sturm
    to be nowhere near as \bad as... nicht halb [o annähernd] so schlimm sein wie...
    12. MED schlecht
    I feel \bad mir geht es nicht gut
    to have a \bad leg ein schlimmes Bein haben
    to have \bad skin [or a bad complexion] schlechte Haut haben
    13. (not valid) cheque falsch
    14. AM (sl: cool) fabelhaft, super
    15.
    ▶ to give sth up as a \bad job BRIT etw abschreiben fig fam
    ▶ sb has it \bad (sl) jdn hat es schwer erwischt hum fam
    he's got it \bad for Lucy er ist total verknallt in Lucy fam
    ▶ to make the best of a \bad job das Beste aus einer schlechten Situation machen
    II. adv ( fam) sehr
    to need sth [real] \bad etw dringend brauchen
    to want sth \bad etw unbedingt haben wollen
    III. n no pl
    1. (ill luck)
    to take the \bad with the good auch das Schlechte [o die schlechten Seiten] in Kauf nehmen
    2. (evil) Schlechte(s) nt
    ▪ the \bad das Böse; (people) die Bösen pl
    there is good and \bad in everybody jeder hat seine guten und schlechten Seiten
    3. (immoral state)
    to go to the \bad auf die schiefe Bahn geraten
    to be in the \bad im Minus sein
    5. (mistake) Fehler m
    to be in \bad with sb bei jdm in Ungnade sein
    * * *
    I [bd]
    1. adj comp worse,
    superl worst
    1) schlecht; smell übel; habit schlecht, übel; insurance risk hoch; word unanständig, schlimm; (= immoral, wicked) böse; (= naughty, misbehaved) unartig, ungezogen; dog böse

    it was a bad thing to do —

    it was bad of you to treat her like that — das war gemein von dir, sie so zu behandeln

    I've had a really bad day —

    you bad boy! — du ungezogener Junge!, du Lümmel! (also iro)

    he's been a bad boy —

    it's not so bad/not bad at all — es ist nicht/gar nicht so schlecht

    to go bad — schlecht werden, verderben

    to be bad for sb/sth — schlecht or nicht gut für jdn/etw sein

    he's bad at French —

    he's bad at sports — im Sport ist er schlecht or nicht gut, er ist unsportlich

    he speaks very bad English, his English is very bad — er spricht sehr schlecht(es) Englisch

    to be bad to sb —

    there's nothing bad about living together — es ist doch nichts dabei, wenn man zusammenlebt

    this is a bad town for violence —

    bad light stopped play — das Spiel wurde aufgrund des schlechten Lichts abgebrochen

    too bad you couldn't make it —

    2) (= serious) wound, sprain schlimm; accident, mistake, cold schlimm, schwer; headache stark
    3) (= unfavourable) time, day ungünstig, schlecht

    Thursday's bad, can you make it Friday? — Donnerstag ist ungünstig or schlecht, gehts nicht Freitag?

    4) (= in poor health, sick) stomach krank; leg, knee, hand schlimm; tooth (generally) schlecht; (now) schlimm

    he/the economy is in a bad way (Brit) —

    I feel bad —

    how is he? – he's not so bad — wie geht es ihm? – nicht schlecht

    I didn't know she was so bad — ich wusste nicht, dass es ihr so schlecht geht or dass sie so schlimm dran ist (inf)

    5)

    (= regretful) I feel really bad about not having told him — es tut mir wirklich leid or ich habe ein schlechtes Gewissen, dass ich ihm das nicht gesagt habe

    don't feel bad about it — machen Sie sich (dat) keine Gedanken or Sorgen (darüber)

    6) debt uneinbringlich; voting slip, coin ungültig; (= damaged) copies etc beschädigt
    7) (COMPUT) data format ungültig (= corrupted) fehlerhaft
    2. n no pl
    1)

    there is good and bad in everything/everybody — alles/jeder hat seine guten und schlechten Seiten

    2)
    II pret See: of bid
    * * *
    bad1 [bæd]
    A adj komp worse [wɜːs; US wɜrs], sup worst [wɜːst; US wɜrst] (adv → badly)
    1. allg schlecht
    2. böse, schlimm, arg, schwer:
    a bad accident ein schwerer Unfall;
    a bad dream ein böser Traum;
    a bad mistake ein schwerer Fehler; → end Bes Redew
    3. böse, ungezogen (Junge etc)
    4. verdorben, lasterhaft (Frau etc)
    5. unanständig, unflätig:
    a) unanständige Ausdrücke pl,
    b) (gottes)lästerliche Reden pl,
    c) beleidigende Äußerungen pl;
    a bad word ein hässliches Wort
    6. falsch, fehlerhaft, schlecht:
    his bad English sein schlechtes Englisch;
    bad grammar grammatisch falsch oder schlecht
    7. unbefriedigend, schlecht (Ernte, Jahr, Plan etc):
    not bad nicht schlecht oder übel;
    not bad fun ganz amüsant
    8. ungünstig, schlecht (Nachrichten etc):
    he’s bad news umg er ist ein unangenehmer Zeitgenosse
    9. schädlich, ungesund, schlecht ( alle:
    for für):
    be bad for sb jemandem nicht guttun;
    be bad for sb’s health jemandes Gesundheit schaden
    10. unangenehm, ärgerlich:
    that’s too bad das ist (zu) schade, das ist (doch) zu dumm;
    too bad that … schade, dass …
    11. schlecht (Qualität, Zustand):
    in bad condition in schlechtem Zustand;
    bad trip sl Bad Trip m (Drogenrausch mit Angstzuständen); → breath 1
    12. ungültig (Anspruch, Münze etc), ungedeckt (Scheck):
    bad debts WIRTSCH zweifelhafte Forderungen;
    bad shot SPORT ungültiger Schuss oder Schlag;
    bad title JUR mangelhafter Rechtstitel; → penny 1
    13. schlecht, verdorben (Fleisch etc):
    go bad schlecht werden, verderben; → apple 1
    14. schlecht, angegriffen (Gesundheit)
    15. a) unwohl, krank:
    she is ( oder feels) very bad today es geht ihr heute sehr schlecht;
    he is in a bad way (a. weitS.) es geht ihm schlecht, er ist übel dran;
    he was taken bad umg er wurde krank
    b) niedergeschlagen:
    feel bad about (sehr) deprimiert sein über (akk); ein schlechtes Gewissen haben wegen
    16. schlimm, böse, arg, heftig:
    a bad finger ein böser oder schlimmer Finger; → cold C 3
    17. widerlich, schlecht (Geruch etc)
    18. schlecht, schwach (at in dat)
    B s
    1. (das) Schlechte, (das) Böse, Unglück n:
    be to the bad von Nachteil sein;
    go to the bad auf die schiefe Bahn geraten oder kommen;
    go from bad to worse immer schlimmer werden;
    take the bad with the good (auch) die Nachteile oder die schlechten Seiten in Kauf nehmen
    2. WIRTSCH Defizit n:
    be $25 to the bad ein Defizit oder einen Verlust von 25 Dollar haben, 25 Dollar im Minus sein
    3. umg be in bad with schlecht angeschrieben sein bei;
    get in bad with sich unbeliebt machen bei;
    my bad! bes US ich wars!
    C adv umg → badly
    bad2 [bæd] obs prät von bid1
    * * *
    1. adjective,
    1) schlecht; (worthless) wertlos, ungedeckt [Scheck]; (rotten) schlecht, verdorben [Fleisch, Fisch, Essen]; faul [Ei, Apfel]; (unpleasant) schlecht, unangenehm [Geruch]

    [some] bad news — schlechte od. schlimme Nachrichten

    bad breath — Mundgeruch, der

    bad hair day — (coll) schlechter Tag

    I'm having a bad hair day — (coll.) heute geht bei mir alles schief

    it is a bad business — (fig.) das ist eine schlimme Sache

    not bad — (coll.) nicht schlecht; nicht übel

    not half bad — (coll.) [gar] nicht schlecht

    something is too bad — (coll.) etwas ist ein Jammer

    too bad! — (coll.) so ein Pech! (auch iron.)

    2) (noxious) schlecht; schädlich
    3) (wicked) schlecht; (immoral) schlecht; verdorben; (naughty) ungezogen, böse [Kind, Hund]

    [use] bad language — Kraftausdrücke [benutzen]

    I have a bad pain/finger — ich habe schlimme Schmerzen/(ugs.) einen schlimmen Finger

    6) (serious) schlimm, böse [Sturz, Krise]; schwer [Fehler, Krankheit, Unfall, Erschütterung]; hoch [Fieber]; schrecklich [Feuer]
    7) (coll.): (regretful)

    feel bad about something/not having done something — etwas bedauern/bedauern, dass man etwas nicht getan hat

    I feel bad about him/her — ich habe seinetwegen/ihretwegen ein schlechtes Gewissen

    8) (Commerc.)

    a bad debt — eine uneinbringliche Schuld (Wirtsch.). See also worse 1.; worst 1.

    2. noun

    be £100 to the bad — mit 100 Pfund in der Kreide stehen (ugs.)

    * * *
    (for) adj.
    schädlich (für) adj. adj.
    bös adj.
    schlecht adj.
    schlimm adj.
    übel adj.

    English-german dictionary > bad

  • 12 poor

    puə
    1. adjective
    1) (having little money or property: She is too poor to buy clothes for the children; the poor nations of the world.) pobre
    2) (not good; of bad quality: His work is very poor; a poor effort.) malo; escaso
    3) (deserving pity: Poor fellow!) pobre
    •
    - poorly
    2. adjective
    (ill: He is very poorly.) pachucho, malo, indispuesto
    poor adj pobre
    tr[pʊəSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (person, family, country) pobre
    2 (inadequate) pobre, escaso,-a; (bad quality) malo,-a; (inferior) inferior
    ■ you poor thing! ¡pobrecito!
    poor ['pʊr, 'por] adj
    1) : pobre
    poor people: los pobres
    2) scanty: pobre, escaso
    poor attendance: baja asistencia
    3) unfortunate: pobre
    poor thing!: ¡pobrecito!
    4) bad: malo
    to be in poor health: estar mal de salud
    adj.
    • aporreado, -a adj.
    • arrancado, -a adj.
    • arrastrado, -a adj.
    • descamisado, -a adj.
    • malo, -a adj.
    • mezquino, -a adj.
    • necesitado, -a adj.
    • pobre adj.
    • pobrete adj.

    I pɔːr, pɔːr, pʊə(r)
    adjective -er, -est
    1) ( not wealthy) pobre
    2) (unsatisfactory, bad) < harvest> pobre, escaso; <diet/quality> malo; < imitation> burdo

    to be in very poor health — estar* muy delicado or muy mal de salud

    3) ( unfortunate) (before n) pobre

    II
    [pʊǝ(r)]
    1. ADJ
    (compar poorer) (superl poorest)
    1) (=not rich) [person, family, country] pobre

    poor people — gente f pobre, personas fpl pobres

    • pewter was the poor man's silver — el peltre era la plata de los pobres

    • they thought that cinema was a or the poor relation of theatre — pensaban que el cine era el pariente pobre del teatro

    • to be the poorer (for sth), the nation is the poorer for her death — la nación ha sufrido una gran pérdida con su muerte

    it left me £5 the poorer — me dejó con 5 libras de menos

    - be as poor as a church mouse
    2) (=inferior, bad) [goods, service] malo, de mala calidad

    the wine was poor — el vino era malo or de mala calidad

    • to be a poor imitation of sth — ser una burda or pobre imitación de algo

    • his decision shows poor judgment — su decisión denota poco juicio

    • to have a poor opinion of sb — tener un concepto poco favorable de algn

    • to come a poor second (to sth/sb), he came a poor second in the final race — quedó el segundo en la carrera final, a bastante distancia del primero

    3) (=deficient) [memory] malo; [soil] pobre, estéril; [harvest] pobre, escaso

    poor — (Scol) (as mark) deficiente

    • soils that are poor in zinc — suelos que son pobres en zinc or que tienen bajo contenido en zinc

    4) (=untalented)

    • to be poor at maths — no ser muy bueno en matemáticas

    5) (=unfortunate) pobre

    poor little thing! — ¡pobrecito!, ¡pobre criaturita!

    poor (old) you!, you poor (old) thing! — ¡pobrecito!

    he's very ill, poor chap — está grave el pobre

    devil 1., 2)
    2.
    NPL

    • the poor — los pobres

    the rural/urban poor — los pobres de las zonas rurales/urbanas

    3.
    CPD

    poor box N — cepillo m de las limosnas

    poor law N — (Hist) ley f de asistencia pública

    poor white N — (US) persona pobre de raza blanca

    relief 1., 4) POOR
    Position of "pobre"
    You should generally put p obre {after} the noun when you mean poor in the sense of "not rich" and {before} the noun in the sense of "unfortunate":
    It's a poor area Es una región pobre
    The poor boy was trembling El pobre chico estaba temblando For further uses and examples, see main entry
    * * *

    I [pɔːr, pɔːr, pʊə(r)]
    adjective -er, -est
    1) ( not wealthy) pobre
    2) (unsatisfactory, bad) < harvest> pobre, escaso; <diet/quality> malo; < imitation> burdo

    to be in very poor health — estar* muy delicado or muy mal de salud

    3) ( unfortunate) (before n) pobre

    II

    English-spanish dictionary > poor

  • 13 standard

    1. n
    1) стандарт, норма, норматив
    2) образец; эталон
    3) pl технические условия; технические требования
    5) проба (драгоценного металла)

    - ABC standard
    - acceptable standard
    - accepted standard
    - accounting standards
    - applicable standard
    - approved standard
    - automatic standard
    - basic standards
    - basic reference standard
    - branch standard
    - commercial standard
    - company standard
    - consumption standard
    - contractual standard
    - cost standards
    - credit standards
    - current standard
    - design standard
    - direct labour standard
    - double standard
    - draft standard
    - economic standards
    - engineering standard
    - enterprise standard
    - environmental standards
    - established standard
    - existing standard
    - factory standard
    - fiat standard
    - fiduciary standard
    - flexible standard
    - general standard
    - Generally Accepted Auditing Standards
    - gold standard
    - gold-bullion standard
    - gold-coin standard
    - gold-exchange standard
    - guaranteed standard
    - health protection standards
    - high standard
    - home standards
    - industrial standard
    - industry standard
    - international standard
    - International Accounting Standards
    - International Auditing Standards
    - labour efficiency standard
    - labour performance standard
    - lax standards
    - legal standard
    - lending standards
    - limping standard
    - living standard
    - loading standards
    - local standard
    - loose standards
    - lot quality standard
    - maintainability standard
    - managerial performance standard
    - mandatory standard
    - manufacturing standard
    - marketing standard
    - metallic standard
    - metric standard
    - minimum standards
    - monetary standard
    - national standard
    - normal standard
    - occupational standards
    - operating standards
    - outdated standard
    - output standard
    - packing standards
    - paper standard
    - parallel standard
    - performance standard
    - permissive standard
    - precise standard
    - price standard
    - product standard
    - production standard
    - productivity standard
    - professional standard
    - prohibitory standard
    - qualitative standard
    - quality standard
    - recognized standard
    - recommended standard
    - replacement-cost standard
    - safety standards
    - silver standard
    - single standard
    - state standard
    - statutory standard
    - stringent standards
    - summary standards
    - synthetic time standard
    - target standard
    - tariff standard
    - technical standards
    - temporary standard
    - tentative standard
    - tight standards
    - time standard
    - trading standard
    - universal standard
    - unloading standards
    - up-to-date standard
    - voluntary standard
    - weight standard
    - working standard
    - workmanship standard
    - world standard
    - standard of accumulation
    - standard of alloy
    - standard of auditing
    - standard of behaviour
    - standard of conduct
    - standard of consumption
    - standard of emergency funds
    - standards of fairness
    - standard of good practice
    - standard of life
    - standard of living
    - standards of manufacturing
    - standard of money
    - standard of prices
    - standard of quality
    - standard of safety
    - standard of usage
    - standard of value
    - standard of workmanship
    - above the standard
    - according to standard
    - at the established standard
    - below the standard
    - by European standards
    - up to standard
    - abandon the gold standard
    - be above the world standards
    - be below the world standards
    - be up to standard
    - bypass international standards
    - come under a standard
    - comply with a standard
    - conform to a standard
    - depart from the gold standard
    - devise international standards
    - fall below the standard
    - introduce standards
    - lay down standards
    - make to standard
    - promulgate new standards
    - raise standards
    - reach market standards
    - revise standards
    - serve as a standard
    - set standards
    - violate a standard
    2. adj

    English-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > standard

  • 14 Batiste

    Is a cloth of French origin. The term is now applied to a light Swiss-finished cloth, made from ecru coloured yarns when cotton, and grey yarns when flax is used. It is very fine in quality, and as many as 15 yards of 32-in. cloth are required to weigh 1-lb.; 80's to 100's warp and 100's to 160's weft are used in the cotton variety. In flax two qualities are: - 1/42, 86 X 78 per inch, 110's/140's; 2/42-in., 132 X 108 per inch, 22's/240's. This latter cloth is hand woven. A low Batiste is shipped to China and India and is, in fact, merely a cheap plain cloth with a special finish termed a " Batiste Finish." Generally woven such as follows: 50-in. splits, 54 X 52, 40/46. A wool Batiste is also made from very fine yarns and is very similar to nun's veiling. Generally dyed in light shades and used for good quality underclothing.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Batiste

  • 15 Crossbred Fabrics

    These are woollen cloths woven from crossbred wool yarns and this type of wool is generally classed in three qualities - fine, medium and low. Fine - The fibre has good length, is uniform, and has a spinning limit of about 48's worsted counts. These are used for coatings, and dress fabrics of a medium quality. Medium - Similar to fine, but of a lower quality and the spinning limit is about 40's worsted counts. Used for such fabrics as Cheviots, and others that require a crisp handle. Low - Spins to about 32's worsted counts, and is used for cheap low worsteds.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Crossbred Fabrics

  • 16 Coutil

    A strong herringbone twill cloth used for corset making. A standard cloth is 34-in., 100 yards, 96 ends and 64 picks per inch, 22's T., 22's W., 31-lb., and in 56-in. width 511/2-lb., woven in a dobby loom on six shafts. The cloth is dyed drab or French grey. Tinted yarn is used for some cloths, generally French or silver grey. A large trade has developed in coutils made from ring yarns, dyed pink. These yam-dyed fabrics are very firm and possess good wearing properties. Fig. A illustrates the weave on 16 ends and Fig. B on 32 ends. One quality is made 124 ends and 100 picks per inch, 2/80's warp, 2/100's weft (see also Broche Coutils)

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Coutil

  • 17 Jaconets

    These are light cotton cloths of the lawn or muslin character, but are finished with a smooth cambric finish, slightly assisted, after bleaching. Qualities and widths are many. A good staple is 41-in. wide, 20 yards, 104 ends and 124 picks per inch, 80's T., 90's W. A low quality is made 42-in., 118 yards, 64 ends and 54 picks per inch, 38's T., 42's W., generally with gold headings.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Jaconets

  • 18 Reversed Jeanettes

    A good quality lining cloth woven with the 3 & 1 twill weave, and usually 52-in. to 56-in. in width, generally dyed black and schreiner finished. Many qualities are made, one is 76 ends and 150 picks per inch, 32's warp, 44's weft, all American cotton. A better cloth is made with 200 picks of 50's Egyptian weft per inch.

    Dictionary of the English textile terms > Reversed Jeanettes

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